Footnotes
Clayton, Journal, 9 Feb. 1843.
Clayton, William. Journals, 1842–1845. CHL.
Columbia is two hundred miles southwest of Nauvoo, making it unlikely that Orson could have been in Nauvoo on 27 June and then in Columbia on 1 July. (Pratt, Autobiography, 266–267; England, Life and Thought of Orson Pratt, 56–59; see also Woodruff, Journal, 19 July 1839.)
Pratt, Parley P. The Autobiography of Parley Parker Pratt, One of the Twelve Apostles of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, Embracing His Life, Ministry and Travels, with Extracts, in Prose and Verse, from His Miscellaneous Writings. Edited by Parley P. Pratt Jr. New York: Russell Brothers, 1874.
England, Breck. The Life and Thought of Orson Pratt. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1985.
Woodruff, Wilford. Journals, 1833–1898. Wilford Woodruff, Journals and Papers, 1828–1898. CHL. MS 1352.
Parley P. Pratt, Commerce, IL, to Aaron Frost, North Bethel, ME, 21 July 1839, Parley P. Pratt, Letters, CHL.
Pratt, Parley P. Letters, 1838–1839. CHL. MS 5828.
In early 1840, both Parley and Orson Pratt visited with JS in Philadelphia and Washington DC and evidently learned new ideas from him. It is not clear whether JS relayed his teachings regarding the detecting of false spirits to the brothers at that time. (Letter to Robert D. Foster, 30 Dec. 1839; Orson Pratt to Sarah Marinda Bates Pratt, Nauvoo, IL, 6 Jan. 1840, in Times and Seasons, Feb. 1840, 1:61; Benjamin Winchester, Philadelphia, PA, 10 Feb. 1840, Letter to the Editor, Times and Seasons, May 1840, 1:104.)
Times and Seasons. Commerce/Nauvoo, IL. Nov. 1839–Feb. 1846.
JS, Journal, 20 Jan. 1843; Letter to Justin Butterfield, 16 Jan. 1843; Minutes, 20 Jan. 1843. On 17 June 1842, Heber C. Kimball wrote to Parley P. Pratt explaining that JS had taught the apostles things that “are not to be riten” and inviting him to “come and get them fore your self.” He then stated that Orson Pratt was somewhat aloof from the group during that period and “hangs back.” (Heber C. Kimball, Nauvoo, IL, to Parley P. Pratt and Mary Ann Frost Pratt, “Manchester or Liverpool,” England, 17 June 1842, Parley P. Pratt, Correspondence, CHL.)
Pratt, Parley P. Correspondence, 1842–1855. CHL. MS 897.
Letter to Quorum of the Twelve, 15 Dec. 1840; Clayton, Journal, 7 Feb. 1843.
Clayton, William. Journals, 1842–1845. CHL.
Hebrews 12:22–23.
Alexander Campbell, “Materialism—No. 2,” Millennial Harbinger, Oct. 1836, 456.
Millennial Harbinger. Bethany, VA. Jan. 1830–Dec. 1870.
MacKnight, New Literal Translation, 572; see also Watson, Sermons, 424–425.
MacKnight, James. A New Literal Translation, from the Original Greek of All the Apostolic Epistles. . . . New ed. Philadelphia: Desilver, Thomas, 1835.
Watson, Richard. Sermons and Sketches of Sermons. Vol. 2. New York: T. Mason and G. Lane, 1838.
McDannell and Lang, Heaven, 188–189.
McDannell, Colleen, and Bernhard Lang. Heaven: A History. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1988.
Stuart, Letters on the Trinity, 111.
Stuart, Moses. Letters on the Trinity and on the Divinity of Christ; Addressed to the Rev. William E. Channing, in Answer to His Sermon “On the Doctrines of Christianity.” New ed. Aberdeen, Scotland: George King, 1834.
“Angel,” in Buck, Theological Dictionary, 19, italics in original.
Buck, Charles. A Theological Dictionary, Containing Definitions of All Religious Terms: A Comprehensive View of Every Article in the System of Divinity. . . . Philadelphia: W. W. Woodward, 1818.
New Testament Revision 2, p. 138 (second numbering) [Joseph Smith Translation, Hebrews 1:7].
Revelation, ca. 8 Mar. 1831–A [D&C 46:7–8].
Revelation, 9 May 1831 [D&C 50:2–3].
Letter to the Church, 7 Sept. 1842 [D&C 128:20].
Orson Pratt subsequently adapted Clayton’s version for inclusion in the 1876 edition of the Doctrine and Covenants. (Instruction, 9 Feb. 1843, in Doctrine and Covenants 129, 1876 ed. [D&C 129].)
The Doctrine and Covenants, of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Containing the Revelations Given to Joseph Smith, Jun., the Prophet, for the Building Up of the Kingdom of God in the Last Days. Salt Lake City: Deseret News Office, 1876.
In his 16 May 1841 sermon, JS reportedly stated, “There are three independant principles; the spirit of God. the spirit of Man. & the spirit of the Devil.” (Discourse, 16 May 1841.)
See Hebrews 12:22–23; and Vision, 16 Feb. 1832 [D&C 76:67, 69].
See Luke 24:39.
Luke 24 describes an instance in which the resurrected Jesus appeared to two disciples whose “eyes were holden that they should not know him.” Hebrews 13 similarly mentions some who “have entertained angels unawares.” (Luke 24:16; Hebrews 13:2.)