France

Summary

Nation in western Europe.

Haine, History of France, 1–3; Darby, Darby’s Universal Gazetteer [1845], 328.

Haine, W. Scott. The History of France. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2000.

Darby, William. Darby’s Universal Gazetteer, a Dictionary, Geographical, Historical, and Statistical, or the Various Kingdoms, States, Provinces, Cities, Towns, Forts, Harbors, Rivers, Lakes, Seas, Mountains &c., In the World. Philadelphia: Grigg & Elliott, 1845.

Paris chosen as capital, 508 AD.

“Paris, History of,” in Encyclopaedia Americana, 9:527; Patrick, Chambers’s Concise Gazetteer of the World, 279.

Comprehensive Works Cited

Encyclopaedia Americana. A Popular Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature, History, Politics and Biography, Brought Down to the Present Time; Including a Copious Collection of Original Articles in American Biography; on the Basis of the Seventh Edition of the German Conversations-Lexicon. Edited by Francis Lieber, Edward Wigglesworth, and Thomas G. Bradford. 13 vols. Philadelphia: Carey and Lea, 1829–1833.

Patrick, David. Chambers’s Concise Gazetteer of the World. Rev. ed. London and Edinburgh: W. & R. Chambers Limited, 1907.

Political and economic crises led to revolution against monarchy, 1789.

Darby, Darby’s Universal Gazetteer [1845], 330; Brookes and Marshall, A New Universal Gazetteer, 310; Haine, History of France, 8.

Comprehensive Works Cited

Brookes, R., and John Marshall, comps. A New Universal Gazetteer, Containing a Description of the Principal Nations, Empires, Kingdoms, States, Provinces, Cities, Towns, Forts, Seas, Harbours, Rivers, Lakes, Canals, Mountains, Volcanoes, Capes, Caverns, Cataracts, and Grottoes, of the Known World. . . . Philadelphia: W. Marshall and Co., 1839.

Haine, W. Scott. The History of France. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2000.

Napoleon Bonaparte crowned emperor in Paris, 1804.

Darby, Darby’s Universal Gazetteer [1845], 330; Brookes and Marshall, A New Universal Gazetteer, 307, 310.

Comprehensive Works Cited

In 1815, Bonaparte abdicated after being defeated by British; monarchy restored with constitutional limitations.

Brookes and Marshall, A New Universal Gazetteer, 310; Patrick, Chambers’s Concise Gazetteer of the World, 279.

Comprehensive Works Cited

Patrick, David. Chambers’s Concise Gazetteer of the World. Rev. ed. London and Edinburgh: W. & R. Chambers Limited, 1907.

King Charles X overthrown and replaced by Louis Philippe I, 1830.

Brookes and Marshall, A New Universal Gazetteer, 310–311; Patrick, Chambers’s Concise Gazetteer of the World, 279.

Comprehensive Works Cited

Patrick, David. Chambers’s Concise Gazetteer of the World. Rev. ed. London and Edinburgh: W. & R. Chambers Limited, 1907.

Louis Philippe overthrown and French Second Republic formed, 1848.

McCarty, McCarty’s Annual Statistician, 342; Patrick, Chambers’s Concise Gazetteer of the World, 279.

Comprehensive Works Cited

McCarty, Louis Philippe. McCarty’s Annual Statistician. San Francisco: L.P. McCarty, 1887.

Patrick, David. Chambers’s Concise Gazetteer of the World. Rev. ed. London and Edinburgh: W. & R. Chambers Limited, 1907.

Population in 1789 about 26,000,000; in 1826 about 32,000,000; and in 1842 about 34,000,000.

Brookes and Marshall, A New Universal Gazetteer, 307; Darby, Darby’s Universal Gazetteer [1845], 330.

Comprehensive Works Cited

Council of Fifty appointed Almon Babbitt to serve mission to France, 1844; mission never fulfilled.

Council of Fifty, “Record,” 3 and 6 May 1844; JS, Journal, 25–27 May 1844; 4 and 22 June 1844.

Comprehensive Works Cited

Council of Fifty. “Record of the Council of Fifty or Kingdom of God,” Mar. 1844–Jan. 1846. CHL.

France

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