Footnotes
John B. Clark, Richmond, MO, to Lilburn W. Boggs, 10 Nov. 1838, copy, Mormon War Papers, MSA; Sampson Avard, Testimony, Richmond, MO, Nov. 1838, pp. [9]–[10],Minutes and Testimonies, 12–29 Nov. 1838 [State of Missouri v. Gates et al. for Treason].
Mormon War Papers, 1838–1841. MSA.
See the register for the Eugene Morrow Violette Collection, http://shsmo.org/manuscripts/columbia/1033.pdf (accessed 20 Dec. 2017).
Footnotes
Sampson Avard, Testimony, Richmond, MO, Nov. 1838, pp. [2]–[20], Transcript of Proceedings, 12–29 Nov. 1838 [State of Missouri v. JS et al. for Treason and Other Crimes]. Latter-day Saint Morris Phelps recalled that Avard was on the stand for two days. (Phelps, Reminiscences, 19.)
Phelps, Morris. Reminiscences, no date. CHL. MS 271.
John B. Clark, Richmond, MO, to Lilburn W. Boggs, 10 Nov. 1838, copy, Mormon War Papers, MSA.
Mormon War Papers, 1838–1841. MSA.
Sampson Avard, Testimony, Richmond, MO, Nov. 1838, pp. [2]–[3], [6]–[7], Transcript of Proceedings, 12–29 Nov. 1838 [State of Missouri v. JS et al. for Treason and Other Crimes]; for more on the influence of the Old Testament book of Daniel on early Latter-day Saint beliefs, see Whittaker, “Book of Daniel in Early Mormon Thought,” 155–201.
Whittaker, David J. “The Book of Daniel in Early Mormon Thought.” In By Study and Also by Faith: Essays in Honor of Hugh W. Nibley on the Occasion of His Eightieth Birthday, 27 March 1990, edited by John M. Lundquist and Stephen D. Ricks, 1:155–201. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book; Provo, UT: Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies, 1990.
Sampson Avard, Testimony, Richmond, MO, Nov. 1838, pp. [9]–[10], Transcript of Proceedings, 12–29 Nov. 1838 [State of Missouri v. JS et al. for Treason and Other Crimes].
JS, Journal, 27 July 1838. Robinson was a colonel in the Danite society. (Reed Peck, Quincy, IL, to “Dear Friends,” 18 Sept. 1839, p. 45, Henry E. Huntington Library, San Marino, CA; see also JS, Journal, 7–9 Aug. 1838.)
Peck, Reed. Letter, Quincy, IL, to “Dear Friends,” 18 Sept. 1839. Huntington Library, San Marino, CA.
See Historical Introduction to Revelation, 8 July 1838–A [D&C 118], in JSP, D6:176–177.
JSP, D6 / Ashurst-McGee, Mark, David W. Grua, Elizabeth Kuehn, Alexander L. Baugh, and Brenden W. Rensink, eds. Documents, Volume 6: February 1838–August 1839. Vol. 6 of the Documents series of The Joseph Smith Papers, edited by Ronald K. Esplin, Matthew J. Grow, and Matthew C. Godfrey. Salt Lake City: Church Historian’s Press, 2017.
JS, Journal, 8 July 1838; Historical Introduction to Revelation, 8 July 1838–C [D&C 119], in JSP, D6:184; JS, Journal, 26–27 July 1838.
JSP, D6 / Ashurst-McGee, Mark, David W. Grua, Elizabeth Kuehn, Alexander L. Baugh, and Brenden W. Rensink, eds. Documents, Volume 6: February 1838–August 1839. Vol. 6 of the Documents series of The Joseph Smith Papers, edited by Ronald K. Esplin, Matthew J. Grow, and Matthew C. Godfrey. Salt Lake City: Church Historian’s Press, 2017.
JS, Journal, 7–9 Aug. 1838.
Letter to John Corrill and the Church in Missouri, 4 Sept. 1837. Although an 1831 revelation indicated that JS was “to preside over the whole church,” it was not until 1837 that the Saints began to rhetorically emphasize this language. (Revelation, 11 Nov. 1831–B [D&C 107:91]; Newel K. Whitney et al., Kirtland, OH, to “the Saints scattered abroad,” 18 Sept. 1837, in LDS Messenger and Advocate, Sept. 1837, 3:562; Minutes, 7 Nov. 1837; see also JS, Journal, Mar.–Sept. 1838, p. 15.)
Latter Day Saints’ Messenger and Advocate. Kirtland, OH. Oct. 1834–Sept. 1837.
The official name as given in the constitution was likely inspired by Micah 4:13: “Arise and thresh, O daughter of Zion: for I will make thine horn iron, and I will make thy hoofs brass: and thou shalt beat in pieces many people: and I will consecrate their gain unto the Lord, and their substance unto the Lord of the whole earth.” (See Corrill, Brief History, 32.)
JS’s journal entry for 27 July 1838 contains the earliest known usage of the name Danite: “we have a company of Danites in these times, to put to rights physically that which is not righ[t], and to clense the Church of verry great evils which hath hitherto existed among us, inasmuch as they cannot be put to rights by teachings & persuaysons.” In 1844 JS claimed that, perhaps inadvertently, he introduced the term Danite to the Saints in a discourse delivered in Far West in 1838, at a time “when the brethren prepared to defend themselves from the mob in Far West.” JS referenced Judges chapter 18—which describes the Israelite tribe of Dan—and stated, “If the enemiy comes the Danites will be after them, meaning the brethren in self defince.” (JS, Journal, 27 July 1838; Nauvoo City Council Rough Minute Book, 3 Jan. 1844, 36.)
See John Sapp, Affidavit, Carroll Co., MO, 4 Sept. 1838, in Joseph Dickson, Carrollton, MO, to Lilburn W. Boggs, 6 Sept. 1838, copy, Mormon War Papers, MSA; and “Letter from Judge King,” Missouri Republican (St. Louis), 2 Nov. 1838, [2].
Mormon War Papers, 1838–1841. MSA.
Missouri Republican. St. Louis. 1822–1919.
Brown, Strain of Violence, 96, 108–109, 123, 131.
Brown, Richard Maxwell. Strain of Violence: Historical Studies of American Violence and Vigilantism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1975.
Brown, Strain of Violence, 114–117.
Brown, Richard Maxwell. Strain of Violence: Historical Studies of American Violence and Vigilantism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1975.
Sampson Avard, Testimony, Richmond, MO, Nov. 1838, p. [10], Transcript of Proceedings, 12–29 Nov. 1838 [State of Missouri v. JS et al. for Treason and Other Crimes].
John Corrill, Testimony, Richmond, MO, Nov. 1838, p. [34]; John Cleminson, Testimony, Richmond, MO, Nov. 1838, p. [54], Transcript of Proceedings, 12–29 Nov. 1838 [State of Missouri v. JS et al. for Treason and Other Crimes]; Corrill, Brief History, 32.
Petition to George Tompkins, between 9 and 15 Mar. 1839, in JSP, D6:349.
JSP, D6 / Ashurst-McGee, Mark, David W. Grua, Elizabeth Kuehn, Alexander L. Baugh, and Brenden W. Rensink, eds. Documents, Volume 6: February 1838–August 1839. Vol. 6 of the Documents series of The Joseph Smith Papers, edited by Ronald K. Esplin, Matthew J. Grow, and Matthew C. Godfrey. Salt Lake City: Church Historian’s Press, 2017.
Peck also stated that he secretly objected to the society and that when documents were brought to him he did not record them. (Reed Peck, Testimony, Richmond, MO, Nov. 1838, pp. [56]–[57], Transcript of Proceedings, 12–29 Nov. 1838 [State of Missouri v. JS et al. for Treason and Other Crimes].)
JS, Journal, 7–9 Aug. 1838.
R. Peck to “Dear Friends,” 18 Sept. 1839, pp. 45, 47.
Peck, Reed. Letter, Quincy, IL, to “Dear Friends,” 18 Sept. 1839. Huntington Library, San Marino, CA.
Sampson Avard, Testimony, Richmond, MO, Nov. 1838, p. [10], Transcript of Proceedings, 12–29 Nov. 1838 [State of Missouri v. JS et al. for Treason and Other Crimes].
For example, while Sampson Avard, who would be appointed the society’s major general, was the first to sign the letter, Jared Carter, who would be appointed the society’s captain general, was among the last. (Letter to Oliver Cowdery and Others, ca. 17 June 1838.)
Sampson Avard, Testimony, Richmond, MO, Nov. 1838, p. [10], Transcript of Proceedings, 12–29 Nov. 1838 [State of Missouri v. JS et al. for Treason and Other Crimes].
Robinson hastened to add that when the citizens of the adjoining counties had “come to hear the other side of the question their feeling were all allayed upon that subject especially.” However, this retrospective comment was made no earlier than 8 July and more likely, based on when Robinson apparently resumed regular journal keeping, in late July. That the dissenters would raise mobs had been a concern earlier. The letter warning Cowdery and the other dissenters to leave the county stated that they had already “breathed out threatning of mobs” against the Saints “and actually made attempts to with their gang to bring mobs upon them.” (JS, Journal, 8 July 1838; Letter to Oliver Cowdery and Others, ca. 17 June 1838.)
Nauvoo City Council Rough Minute Book, 3 Jan. 1844, 36.
JS, Journal, 27 July 1838.
Sampson Avard, Testimony, Richmond, MO, Nov. 1838, pp. [9]–[10], Transcript of Proceedings, 12–29 Nov. 1838 [State of Missouri v. JS et al. for Treason and Other Crimes].
John B. Clark, Richmond, MO, to Lilburn W. Boggs, 10 Nov. 1838, copy; Constitution of the Society of the Daughter of Zion, ca. Late June 1838, copy, Mormon War Papers, MSA.
Mormon War Papers, 1838–1841. MSA.
Sampson Avard, Testimony, Richmond, MO, Nov. 1838, pp. [10]–[12], Transcript of Proceedings, 12–29 Nov. 1838 [State of Missouri v. JS et al. for Treason and Other Crimes].
Cleminson, Record, [19]–[23].
Cleminson, John. Record, ca. 1837–1858. CHL.
This language echoes the U.S. Declaration of Independence.