Nauvoo Relief Society, “A Book of Records, Containing the proceedings of The Female Relief Society of Nauvoo,” Minute Book, 17 Mar. 1842–16 Mar. 1844; handwriting of , Phebe Bartholomew Wheeler, , and an unidentified scribe; 123 pages; CHL. Includes redactions, notations, and archival marking.
This record is a bound ledger book measuring 12⅜ × 8⅛ × 1 inches (31 × 21 × 3 cm). The book has a brown suede cover and the spine has a red leather label with “LEDGER” in gold lettering. The paper measures 12⅛ × 7¾ inches (31 × 20 cm). The book originally contained 120 leaves, a 12-leaf index at the front, and flyleaves in the front and back. The front flyleaves are now missing and three leaves after the index pages are now missing, two of which were apparently removed before the book was used. The leaf that would have been paginated 2 and 3 is also now missing. This leaf was presumably removed before the book was used as a minute book for the Relief Society, as page 1 shows ink transfer from the title page (numbered page 4).
The index pages are blank with the exception of the recto and verso of the “A–B” leaf and the recto of the “L–M” leaf. Following the index leaves, the Relief Society minutes fill 123 pages. Page 5 and pages [128] onward are blank. The verso of the last flyleaf in the back is inscribed.
The title page of the minute book indicates that presented this volume to the Relief Society on 17 March 1842, the date of the Relief Society’s inaugural meeting, and the record commences with the minutes of that meeting. There are some copying errors, indicating that the minutes were probably taken on loose pages and later copied into this volume.
, who was appointed secretary of the Nauvoo Female Relief Society and became general president of the Relief Society in 1880 in Utah Territory, had custody of this record and read from it publicly on many occasions. At Snow’s death the book passed to her successor as general president, . When Young died in 1901, the book passed to her successor, Bathsheba Bigler Smith, who died in 1910. A provenance note in the beginning of the Relief Society Minute Book indicates it was among Smith’s effects at her death. Her daughter Bathsheba Merrill filed it in the Historian’s Office (now CHL) on 3 July 1911.
Historical Introduction
On 17 March 1842, JS first formally organized Latter-day Saint women in a group with distinct responsibilities and authority. At JS’s invitation, twenty women assembled in the large room above his dry goods store in , Illinois, to be organized, as one woman recalled his description, “under the priesthood after the pattern of the priesthood” (Sarah M. Kimball, “Auto-biography,” Woman’s Exponent, 1 Sept. 1883, 51). Priesthood quorums—units of men assembled according to priesthood office and usually headed by a president and two counselors—had been organized previously. The women assembled on 17 March elected JS’s wife president, and she selected two counselors; a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles ordained or set apart the three-member presidency to their new callings or offices. These were the first ecclesiastical positions in the church for women.
The name the women selected for their institution, the Female Relief Society of Nauvoo, paralleled that of contemporaneous women’s benevolent societies in the . Two or three weeks prior to the 17 March meeting, a group of women had met to form a “ladies society” to sew shirts for temple workmen, an effort probably informed by the broader benevolent movement. When JS invited these women to be organized as part of the church structure, they abandoned their plans for an independent society with a constitution and bylaws. JS told them at the initial meeting, “The minutes of your meetings will be precedents for you to act upon—your Constitution and law” (Minutes, 17 Mar. 1842). This record of Relief Society “organization and proceedings” includes minutes for seventeen meetings in 1842, thirteen in 1843, and four in 1844. By the last recorded meeting in March 1844, a total of 1,331 women had enrolled as members, most of them joining the first year (Maureen C. Ward, “‘This Institution Is a Good One’: The Female Relief Society of Nauvoo, 17 March 1842 to 16 March 1844,” Mormon Historical Studies 3 [Fall 2002]: 87–203).
JS attended nine Relief Society meetings in 1842 and addressed six of them. These minutes document his instructions regarding women’s new responsibilities, authority, and forthcoming temple blessings—the only record of teachings JS directed specifically to women. The minutes detail donations for and visits with the poor, contributions for construction, and women’s efforts at moral reform and civic activism. Discussions reported in this record refer explicitly or implicitly to tensions mounting in Nauvoo over JS’s political influence and threatened extradition to , the defection of prominent church and civic leader , and the tumult surrounding the introduction of plural marriage. The record of the Female Relief Society of Nauvoo ends on 16 March 1844; a decade passed before Relief Society meetings resumed in the Salt Lake Valley.
Asterisk (*) denotes a "featured" version, which includes an introduction and annotation.
*Discourse, 26 May 1842
Page [90]
Editorial Note
When the Female Relief Society of Nauvoo resumed meeting in June 1843 following a winter hiatus, more than a thousand women were enrolled as members. The group soon divided into four sections that met separately in rotation. Because Sarah M. Cleveland, first counselor in the women’s presidency, had moved from Nauvoo, second counselor presided in the absence of President , who battled sickness, traveled to purchase goods and visit family, and wrestled with JS’s introduction of the practice of plural marriage. Following the first two meetings in summer 1843, society secretary moved to Morley settlement, twenty-five miles south of and assistant secretary Phebe M. Wheeler recorded minutes and donations. Relief Society visiting committees, appointed in each ward in July 1843, began to report needs of Nauvoo families and collect contributions for the poor and destitute, particularly new immigrants. Between 1840 and 1846, nearly 4,800 immigrants came from the British Isles, more than half of them during 1841 and 1842.
Relief Society members also made donations toward construction of the in and helped temple workmen and their families. With the temple far from completion, JS introduced temple rites in other consecrated rooms. On 28 September 1843, became the first woman to receive the temple ordinance known as the endowment; nine men had received the ordinance in May 1842. JS’s promise that Relief Society members would see “the blessings of the endowment rolling on” (Minutes, 31 Aug. 1842) was confirmed as Emma Smith began to administer the sacred ordinance to other women. These significant events, documented in other historical sources, inform women’s comments regarding the temple as recorded in these minutes.
Meeting convened according to previous instructions of Prest. , who not being present, presided.
Meeting opened by singing “Let Zion in her beauty rise” &c— Prayer by Mrs. Chase.
rose and address’d the meeting by saying that she felt alone in consequence of the absence of the , from whom she had received instructions that we might not only relieve the wants of the poor but also cast in our mites to assist the brethren in building the — said she had felt a deep interest on the subject since last sabbath hearing Prest. Smith’s remarks— wished the sisters to express their feelings— our Prest., said we might speak to the , and whatever they wished and we could, we might do— then presented the case of Mrs. Mills whom several of the sis. in company with , visited in the morning.
Sec. E. A. [Elvira Annie Cowles] Holmes, then rose— said she was not altogether prepared to give a full and correct statement of the Receipts and Expenditure of the Society but would make a statement so soon as she could see and adjust some unsettled accounts— suffice it to say about 500 dollars have been recd. and nearly 400 expended during the first year of the Society— much good had been [p. [90]]