Footnotes
Joseph Robeson was a paper maker operating Lamb Mill in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, possibly as early as 1827. (Bidwell, American Paper Mills, 18.)
Bidwell, John. American Paper Mills, 1690–1832: A Directory of the Paper Trade with Notes on Products, Watermarks, Distribution Methods, and Manufacturing Techniques. Hanover, NH: Dartmouth College Press, 2013.
Footnotes
The skirmish was known as the “battle above the Blue,” near the Whitmer settlement. (Letter from William W. Phelps, 6–7 Nov. 1833; “The Outrage in Jackson County, Missouri,” The Evening and the Morning Star, Dec. 1833, 118–119; History of Jackson County, Missouri, 256; Berrett, Sacred Places, 4:102–107.)
The Evening and the Morning Star. Independence, MO, June 1832–July 1833; Kirtland, OH, Dec. 1833–Sept. 1834.
Berrett, LaMar C., ed. Sacred Places: A Comprehensive Guide to Early LDS Historical Sites. 6 vols. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1999–2007.
“The Mormon Controversy,” Daily National Intelligencer (Washington DC), 23 July 1834, [3].
Daily National Intelligencer. Washington DC. 1800–1869.
“The Mormon Controversy,” Daily National Intelligencer (Washington DC), 23 July 1834, [3].
Daily National Intelligencer. Washington DC. 1800–1869.
“The Mormon Controversy,” Daily National Intelligencer (Washington DC), 23 July 1834, [3]. After being expelled from Jackson County in November 1833, some church members fled into Lafayette County, but according to a later JS history, they “were soon expelled, or the most of them, and had to move where ever they could find protection.” (JS History, vol. A-1, 376.)
Daily National Intelligencer. Washington DC. 1800–1869.
JS History / Smith, Joseph, et al. History, 1838–1856. Vols. A-1–F-1 (original), A-2–E-2 (fair copy). Historian’s Office, History of the Church, 1839–ca. 1882. CHL. CR 100 102, boxes 1–7. The history for the period after 5 Aug. 1838 was composed after the death of Joseph Smith.
“The Mormons,” Missouri Intelligencer and Boon’s Lick Advertiser (Columbia), 28 June 1834, [3].
Missouri Intelligencer and Boon’s Lick Advertiser. Franklin, MO, 1819–1827; Fayette, MO, 1827–1830; Columbia, MO, 1830–1835.
Revelation, 22 June 1834 [D&C 105:13–22].
Minutes, 23 June 1834; see also Holbrook, Reminiscences, 37–38; “Amasa Lyman’s History,” LDS Millennial Star, 12 Aug. 1865, 27:502; and George A. Smith, Autobiography, 38–39.
Holbrook, Joseph. Autobiography and Journal, not before 1871. Photocopy. CHL. MS 5004. Original in private possession.
Latter-day Saints’ Millennial Star. Manchester, England, 1840–1842; Liverpool, 1842–1932; London, 1932–1970.
Smith, George A. Autobiography, ca. 1860–1882. George Albert Smith, Papers, 1834–1877. CHL. MS 1322, box 1, fd. 2.
“The Mormon Controversy,” Daily National Intelligencer (Washington DC), 23 July 1834, [3].
Daily National Intelligencer. Washington DC. 1800–1869.
The Camp of Israel actually consisted of approximately 230 individuals, including around 12 women and about 10 children. (Kimball, “Journal and Record,” 11; Bradley, Zion’s Camp 1834, xix–[xxi]; Radke, “We Also Marched,” 149.)
Kimball, Heber C. “The Journal and Record of Heber Chase Kimball an Apostle of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints,” ca. 1842–1858. Heber C. Kimball, Papers, 1837–1866. CHL. MS 627, box 1.
Bradley, James L. Zion’s Camp 1834: Prelude to the Civil War. Logan, UT: By the author, 1990.
Radke, Andrea G. “We Also Marched: The Women and Children of Zion’s Camp, 1834.” BYU Studies 39 (2000): 147–165.
In a declaration signed by JS, Frederick G. Williams, Lyman Wight, Roger Orton, Orson Hyde, and John S. Carter, the Camp of Israel stated, “It is our intention to go back upon our lands in Jackson County by order of the Executive if possible. We have brought our arms for the purpose of self defence.” (Declaration, 21 June 1834.)
On 6 June 1834, Governor Daniel Dunklin informed John Thornton of Clay County that he had heard rumors that residents of counties adjoining Jackson would come to its assistance if the Mormons tried to repossess their lands. “I should regret it extremely if any should be so imprudent as to do so,” Dunklin remarked, as “it would give a different aspect to the affair.” Citizens from one county could not march “in arms” to another county without permission from the governor, Dunklin continued, and “the Mormons have no right to march to Jackson county in arms, unless by the order or permission of the commander-in-chief.” (Daniel Dunklin, Jefferson City, MO, to John Thornton, 6 June 1834, in The Evening and the Morning Star, July 1834, 176.)
The Evening and the Morning Star. Independence, MO, June 1832–July 1833; Kirtland, OH, Dec. 1833–Sept. 1834.