JS, History, [ca. June–Oct. 1839], draft; handwriting of ; twenty-five pages; CHL. Includes file notes.
This draft history was inscribed in a makeshift gathering of nine loose leaves measuring 12⅜ × 15¾ inches (31 × 40 cm), folded in half to form eighteen unlined leaves measuring 12⅜ × 7⅞ inches (31 × 20 cm). The loose leaves are held together by a piece of string threaded through two holes in the upper half of the center fold of the leaves. Other holes in the folds indicate that additional sewing was in place at some earlier time. The eighteen-leaf gathering was used circa July 1833 as part of an effort to index JS’s revision of the Bible. inscribed the first page of the gathering with the title “Scriptures on Covenants”, followed by five lines of references from JS’s revision of Genesis. This entire page was lined in graphite by Frederick G. Williams. A remnant of a wafer is also found on the upper left corner of this original first page, indicating that it may have been attached to a book or that another document was attached to the page. At some point, apparently in preparation to be used for the history draft, the fold of the gathering was inverted so that the original first and last pages became the center of the gathering (pages 18 and 19) and the original center spread became the first page and last page. inscribed the history draft on twenty-five pages of the gathering, leaving eleven pages blank.
After its inscription in 1839, the whereabouts of this text for the remainder of the nineteenth century are unknown, though it presumably remained in church custody. The document was not listed on any of the known early Church Historian’s Office inventories, which did not detail all holdings. The first known listing of the history draft is in the inventory from circa 1905. The document is also listed on a 1970 inventory of papers of Joseph Fielding Smith, who had served as church historian and recorder of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints since 1921, perhaps indicating that the document had been in his possession for some time. The draft history became part of the First Presidency’s papers when Smith became president of the church in 1970, and it remained there until it was transferred in 2010 to the Church History Library.
See Jensen, “Ignored and Unknown Clues of Early Mormon Record Keeping,” 147–154.
Jensen, Robin Scott. “Ignored and Unknown Clues of Early Mormon Record Keeping.” In Preserving the History of the Latter-day Saints, edited by Richard E. Turley Jr. and Steven C. Harper, 135–164. Provo, UT: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University, 2010.
“Inventory of President Joseph Fielding Smith’s Safe,” 23 May 1970, First Presidency, General Administration Files, CHL.
“Inventory of President Joseph Fielding Smith’s Safe,” 23 May 1970. First Presidency, General Administration Files, 1921–1972. CHL.
Historical Introduction
The history drafted in 1839 was inscribed by , who began writing for JS on 3 September 1838. In addition to his work on the history, Mulholland served as a scribe for patriarchal blessing records, JS’s second letterbook, and JS’s journals. After an interruption of his clerical work brought on by JS’s imprisonment, Mulholland “commenced again to write for the Church” on 22 April 1839. JS’s journal noted that JS “began to study & prepare to dictate history” on 10 June and that he dictated history while Mulholland wrote on 11–14 June. During JS’s 15–26 June absence from while visiting his brothers and , Mulholland remained in Commerce, “writing history” on three days and “studying for history” for part of another day. Work done by Mulholland in JS’s absence may have included organizing sources from which to compile history, drafting the history itself from other sources, or making a clean draft of the history, as explained in the next section. After JS returned, he dictated history to Mulholland on three additional days. Mulholland mentioned in his journal spending several more days writing for the church, without specifying which project he was working on.
Because the history produced by JS and in 1838 is not extant, it is impossible to know the exact relationship between that work and the extant versions of JS’s history presented here. It is probable, however, that Draft 1 represents the resumption of the historical narrative at the point where the now-lost 1838 manuscript ended. The extant draft picks up the narrative at the baptism of JS and and covers the publication of the Book of Mormon, the organization of the Church of Christ, and events later in 1830. The narrative covering mid-April through August 1830, much of which involved as either a participant or an eyewitness, is relatively detailed. It was likely during work on this portion of the history that, according to JS’s journal, JS was “assisted by Br Newel Knight.”
When created the twenty-five-page Draft 1, it appears he began with an outline, identifying revelations, events, and other pieces of information and leaving blank space between these notations to be filled in later with connective narrative supplied by JS, , or other sources. Beginning on the second page, Mulholland named particular revelation texts from the 1835 edition of the Doctrine and Covenants that were to be inserted into the history, but he did not copy the full texts from the Doctrine and Covenants into this draft. The revelations served as the initial threads around which JS wove his dictated narrative. Beginning with page 9 of Draft 1, following the notation to insert the title page of the Book of Mormon, the inscription pattern becomes much more complex. It appears that at this point, Mulholland began to write in dates of conferences, names of individuals baptized, and other key details, leaving large blank spaces between. This procedure for creating the history was not without drawbacks. When Mulholland came back and composed text or transcribed JS’s dictation to fill in the details, the narrative sometimes exceeded the reserved space, forcing Mulholland to squeeze extra lines of text onto the page. At other times the inserted narrative fell short of filling in all the blank space set aside for it. False starts are evident throughout much of the middle portion of the draft history.
JS’s work on the history was interrupted in early July 1839 when a malaria epidemic in and vicinity required JS and to attend to the sick for an extended period. continued to work on JS’s history until at least 26 July. Many of the entries in his personal journal that mention “writing for the Church” may refer to additional work on the history. Mulholland’s tenure as a scribe was cut short when he died on 3 November 1839, possibly the victim of a stroke.
For more information about the relationship between this draft and Drafts 2 and 3, see Introduction to Early Drafts of History, 1838–1856. Note that the transcript includes only annotation that relates to textual aspects of this draft; Draft 2 carries the historical annotation.
thus been forced to abandon for a time. We had scarcely however arrived at when the mob was seen collecting together to oppose us, and we considered it wisdom to leave for home, which we did without having waited even to refresh ourselves, by something to eat. Four enemies pursued us, and it was often times as much as we could do to elude them, however we managed to get home, after having traveled all night, except a short time which we were forced to rest ourselves under a large tree by the way side, sleeping and watching alternately. And thus were we persecuted on account of <our> religious faith—in a country the constitution of which guarantees to every man the indefeasable right to worship God according to the dictates of his own conscience. And by men too who were professors of religion, and who were not backward to maintain this right for themselves, though they thus wantonly could deny <it to> us. the same privilege
<for instance on[e] , a presbyterian of high standing in his church, was one of the chief instigators of these persecutions, and told me personally <named> that he believed me culpable with out Judge or Jury. The celebrated <, also presbyterian> was another instigater of the business. And a young man <named &> of the same <religious> Faith swore out the first warrant against me,>
now came to live with me and write for me. [blank lines]
Revelation Page 111 & Page 178 & Page 179
Notwithstanding however all the rage of our enemies, still we had much conselation, and many things occurred to strengthen our faith, and cheer our hearts amidst our trials, and persecutions. After we had returned home after our trial, the church at , were, as might be expected, very anxious concerning our again visiting them, during which time, , (wife to had a dream which enabled her to say that we would soon visit them that day, which really came to pass, for a few hours after she had told her dream we arrived and thus was our faith much strengthened, concerning the things of the last days mentioned by the Prophet Joel. of dreams & visions—
After our return to my <own> house as above mentioned, we received the following Revelations,,, Rev page 111— page 179 page 178—
<Shortly afterwards, returned to ’s, house <and> (who was now living with me) and my self began to arrange & copy the revelations and commandments which we had received from time> [p. [22]]
TEXT: James Mulholland inscribed an embellished circle around this reference, presumably to indicate the intent to supply text from the 1835 edition of the Doctrine and Covenants. These two sentences were originally inscribed before the paragraph inserted above them, serving as a placeholder as Mulholland left spaces in the manuscript to be filled in later.
TEXT: James Mulholland inscribed this revelation reference and left a blank space to be filled in later. He subsequently inserted the text that follows, which flowed beyond the reserved space and into the space he left after the canceled sentence at the top of page 23 of Draft 1. It is unclear exactly where the insertion ends and the original inscription recommences after the canceled passage.