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Agreement, 4 January 1838
Source Note
Source Note
JS, Agreement, , Geauga Co., OH, 4 Jan. 1838; handwriting of two unidentified scribes (probably John P. Markell and Nicholas Markell); signature of JS; attested by John P. Markell and Nicholas Markell; one page; CHL. Includes docket.
One leaf, measuring 9½ × 7⅞ inches (24 × 20 cm). The agreement was folded in two patterns. In the first, the agreement was folded twice in a parallel fold and was then docketed. In the second, which retained the first folding pattern, the document was again folded twice in a parallel fold, with the docket remaining visible. The docket in unidentified handwriting (probably John P. Markell) reads: “Articcle of Agreemen[t] | Between Joseph | Smith Jun and | Joseph Smith Sen”. The top panel of the agreement was lost due to wear and weakening of a fold. Remaining folds are partially broken. The agreement has undergone conservation. The conservation technique used, the “Barrow method,” was a common preservation practice in libraries and archives from the 1930s to the mid-1970s. The Church History Library acquired this document from a private collector in 2010.
Footnotes
- [1]
Church, “William J. Barrow,” 152; Ellis, Historical Perspectives in the Conservation of Works of Art on Paper, 263.
Church, John. “William J. Barrow: A Remembrance and Appreciation.” American Archivist 68, no. 1 (Spring/Summer 2005): 152–160.
Ellis, Margaret Holben. Historical Perspectives in the Conservation of Works of Art on Paper. Los Angeles: Getty Conservation Institute, 2014.
Historical Introduction
Historical Introduction
On 4 January 1838, Nicholas Markell of , Ohio, wrote an agreement releasing his claim to a “box and records” that had been seized from JS by legal action. In the same document, JS entered into an agreement with an individual, likely , to whom he transferred “two undivided thirds of records and box Exclusive of the mummies.” The top quarter of the document, including part of the agreement, is no longer extant, and the nature of the arrangement is not fully understood. It is likely, however, that the “records” named were the Egyptian papyri JS had obtained from in July 1835 and that the agreement pertained to a legal judgment for an unidentified lawsuit, probably rendered against JS in 1837, that resulted in the seizure of his personal property.
After returning to from on 10 December 1837, JS and the endured another round of ecclesiastical, financial, and legal challenges both from church members and from others in the community. During JS’s two-and-a-half-month absence, dissenters in Kirtland denounced him and the church; in late December, twenty-eight people associated with this group were excommunicated. Following his return, JS and other church leaders who had partnered with him in business affairs faced new and ongoing litigation, including various legal charges related to outstanding debts. As a result of these legal proceedings, the assets of JS and other church leaders, including the contents of the church’s and at least some of the Egyptian documents, were seized. chronicled some of these events in a January letter to her husband, , who was then proselytizing in . Referring to lawsuits filed by , Kimball reported that “as soon as Presidents Smith and got home from the west, they were called upon to pay a fine of one thousand dollars each, for puting out Kirtland money. They were strip[p]ed of every thing; even to food and ra[i]ment.” According to Kimball, other church members had also been “strip[p]ed of all their loos property for debt.” In a reminiscent account written in 1844–1845, recalled that some of the church’s dissenters began suing JS, “and with this pretense they siezed upon every piece of property which they could have least pretext to lay hold upon.” Smith continued, “They determined to get possession of some Mum[m]ies and the records which attended them and . . . accordingly they levied an upon them claiming that they belonged to Joseph and he was owing them a debt of 50 dollars.” These dissenters seem to have temporarily procured at least some of the Egyptian records. In an 18–19 January letter to her brother , Hepzibah Richards indicated that along with the —which had been attached on a judgment and sold at an auction on 15 January—the “Mummies and records have been attached— mummies sold— Records missing.”
Though a legal judgment was apparently used to obtain the Egyptian records, the featured agreement suggests that the records eventually ended up in the hands of Nicholas Markell. Nicholas, John, and —all signatories to the agreement—were sons of Peter and Elizabeth Koch Markell, members of one of ’s pioneering families. Contemporary documents offer no clues as to what may have motivated Nicholas Markell to procure the Egyptian records and subsequently return them to JS. Ultimately, according to an 1844–1845 statement by , “By various statagems we kept them [the Mummies and records] out of the hands of the rabble who were joined with the appostates in devising every invention to get these things into their possession.”
In the top half of the agreement—a significant portion of which is missing—JS transferred the Egyptian records to another individual on the same day. The docketing, recorded on the other side of the agreement, suggests that JS conveyed the papyri to his father, Both sections of the 4 January agreement, as well as the docketing, are written in the same unidentified hand.
Footnotes
- [1]
For more information on Chandler and the Egyptian artifacts, see Introduction to Part 1: 2 Oct.–1 Dec. 1835; for information on legal judgments and the seizure of property, see Historical Introduction to Letter from Emma Smith, 3 May 1837.
- [2]
Thomas B. Marsh, Far West, MO, to Wilford Woodruff, Vinalhaven, ME, ca. 18 June 1838, Wilford Woodruff, Journals and Papers, CHL; John Smith and Clarissa Lyman Smith, Kirtland, OH, to George A. Smith, Shinnston, VA, 1 Jan. 1838, George Albert Smith, Papers, CHL; Historical Introduction to Revelation, 12 Jan. 1838–A.
Woodruff, Wilford. Journals and Papers, 1828–1898. CHL. MS 1352.
Smith, George Albert. Papers, 1834–1877. CHL. MS 1322.
- [3]
For a list of cases brought before the Geauga County Court of Common Pleas, see Madsen, “Tabulating the Impact of Litigation on the Kirtland Economy,” 234. For cases brought before the justice court in Geauga County, see Cowdery, Docket Book, 269, 280–282, 293.
Madsen, Gordon A. “Tabulating the Impact of Litigation on the Kirtland Economy.” In Sustaining the Law: Joseph Smith’s Legal Encounters, edited by Gordon A. Madsen, Jeffrey N. Walker, and John W. Welch, 227–246. Provo, UT: BYU Studies, 2014.
Cowdery, Oliver. Docket Book, June–Sept. 1837. Henry E. Huntington Library, San Marino, CA.
- [4]
“Sheriff Sale,” Painesville (OH) Telegraph, 5 Jan. 1838, [3]; Lucy Mack Smith, History, 1844–1845, bk. 14, [11].
Painesville Telegraph. Painesville, OH. 1822–1986.
- [5]
Vilate Murray Kimball, Kirtland, OH, to Heber C. Kimball, Preston, England, 19–24 Jan. 1838, Heber C. Kimball, Collection, CHL. On the Samuel Rounds case, see Introduction to Part 5: 5 Oct. 1836–10 Apr. 1837.
Kimball, Heber C. Collection, 1837–1898. CHL. MS 12476.
- [6]
Lucy Mack Smith, History, 1844–1845, bk. 14 [11].
- [7]
Hepzibah Richards, Kirtland, OH, to Willard Richards, Bedford, England, 18–19 Jan. 1838, Willard Richards, Journals and Papers, CHL.
Richards, Willard. Journals and Papers, 1821–1854. CHL. MS 1490.
- [8]
Peter Markell and Elizabeth Koch were married in 1792 and resided in Palatine, Montgomery County, New York, before moving to Ohio sometime between October 1817 and mid-1819. The Markells had ten children. (Vosburgh, Records of the Reformed Dutch Church of Stone Arabia, 2:152; Kirtland Township Trustees’ Minutes and Poll Book, 1817–1838, p. 18, in Kirtland, Lake Co., OH, Minutes, microfilm 877,763, U.S. and Canada Record Collection, FHL; Record of the Revolutionary Soldiers Buried in Lake County, Ohio, 36–37.)
Vosburgh, Royden, ed. Records of the Reformed Dutch Church of Stone Arabia, in the Town of Palatine, Montgomery County, N. Y. 3 vols. New York: No publisher, 1916.
U.S. and Canada Record Collection. FHL.
Daughters of the American Revolution, New Connecticut Chapter, A Record of the Revolutionary Soldiers Buried in Lake County, Ohio with a Partial List of those in Geauga County and a Membership Roll of New Connecticut Chapter Daughters of the American Revolution. Painesville, OH: By the author, [1901].
- [9]
A letter written by a Markell descendant more than 130 years later provides information that may contextualize the 1838 agreement. Writing in the early 1970s to Jay Todd, author of The Saga of the Book of Abraham, John P. Markell’s great-granddaughter Hazel B. Roese asserted that the Markell family were “very close friends of Joseph Smith.” Roese stated that someone related to Joseph Coe, who had originally helped purchase the Egyptian artifacts in 1835 and was excommunicated with other dissenters in December 1837, had obtained the Egyptian papyri but that the Markells “were foxey enough to conn this fellow out” of them. “It seems he [Coe] owed Judge [John P.] Markell some money,” indicated Roese, “and Uncle James was deptutized to help retrieve the records.” In her letter, Roese suggested that she had read this information and heard the story from her grandfather Patrick Henry Booth (husband of John P. Markell’s daughter Laura Ann Markell). (Hazel B. Roese, Ferndale, MI, to Jay Todd, Salt Lake City, UT, ca. 1970, photocopy, H. Donl Peterson Research Collection on the Book of Abraham Papyri, BYU; Joseph Coe, Kirtland, OH, to JS, Nauvoo, IL, 1 Jan. 1844, JS Collection, CHL; John Smith and Clarissa Lyman Smith, Kirtland, OH, to George A. Smith, Shinnston, VA, 1 Jan. 1838, George Albert Smith, Papers, CHL.)
Peterson, H. Donl. Research Collection on the Book of Abraham Papyri, 1964–1994. BYU.
Smith, George Albert. Papers, 1834–1877. CHL. MS 1322.
- [10]
Lucy Mack Smith, History, 1844–1845, bk. 14, [11].
- [11]
In an 1855 reminiscent account, William Huntington recorded that Joseph Smith Sr. hid in Huntington’s home during the winter of 1838; he also wrote, “In my house the mummies and Egyptian records were hid to keep from sworn destruction by apostates.” (Huntington, “History of William Huntington,” 13.)
Huntington, William. “A History of William Huntington Written by Himself and Transcribed by His Son O. B. Huntington,” Jan. 1855. BYU.
[Portion of page missing]
I conv[e]y the two undivided thirds of records exclusive of and box Exclusive of the mummies
January 4th. 1838
Joseph Smith Jr
Attest—
John P Markell
Nicholas Markell
I do hereby relinquish on the box and records which Constable has Levied in my favor as the property of J. Smith Jr. and my claim on the same
Jan; th4 1838
Nicholas Marke[ll]
Attest
John P Markell [p. [1]]
Source Note
Source Note
Document Transcript
Document Information
Document Information
Footnotes
Footnotes
Unidentified handwriting—probably John Markell—begins.
- [1]
During the summer of 1835, JS and other local investors purchased four mummies, along with Egyptian records written on papyrus, from Michael Chandler. The mummies had been housed or displayed at various times in the home of Frederick G. Williams, the John Johnson inn, and the House of the Lord in Kirtland. (See Historical Introduction to Book of Abraham Manuscript, ca. Early July–ca. Nov. 1835–A [Abraham 1:4–2:6]; Historical Introduction to Egyptian Alphabet, ca. Early July–ca. Nov. 1835–A; JS, Journal, 24 Oct. 1835; 17 Nov. 1835; 17 Feb. 1836; and Woodruff, Journal, 25 Nov. 1836.)
Woodruff, Wilford. Journals, 1833–1898. Wilford Woodruff, Journals and Papers, 1828–1898. CHL. MS 1352.
Signature of JS.
- [2]
John Markell, who acted as a witness in both agreements, previously served as a town constable and elector. (Kirtland Township Trustees’ Minutes and Poll Book, 1817–1838, pp. 36–39, 63, in Kirtland, Lake Co., OH, Minutes, microfilm 877,763, U.S. and Canada Record Collection, FHL; see also Obituary for John P. Markell, Painesville [OH] Telegraph, 24 Feb. 1881, [3].)
U.S. and Canada Record Collection. FHL.
Painesville Telegraph. Painesville, OH. 1822–1986.
Signature probably of Nicholas Markell.
- [3]
Little is known about Nicholas Markell’s activities in 1837, but he later served as a town juror and overseer of the poor in Kirtland during the early 1840s. (Kirtland Township Trustees’ Minutes and Poll Book, 1838–1846, pp. 52, 81–83, in Kirtland, Lake Co., OH, Minutes, microfilm 877,763, U.S. and Canada Record Collection, FHL; see also Obituary for Nicholas Markell, Painesville [OH] Telegraph, 10 Sept. 1885, [3].)
U.S. and Canada Record Collection. FHL.
Painesville Telegraph. Painesville, OH. 1822–1986.
- [4]
James Markell was appointed as a constable in April 1837. Along with Luke Johnson, also a constable, Markell was assigned to serve executions on judgments rendered against JS and other church leaders on actions of debt in the Geauga County justice court in December 1837 and January 1838. (Kirtland Township Trustees’ Minutes and Poll Book, 1817–1838, p. 159, in Kirtland, Lake Co., OH, Minutes, microfilm 877,763, U.S. and Canada Record Collection, FHL; Cowdery, Docket Book, 254–269, 293.)
U.S. and Canada Record Collection. FHL.
Cowdery, Oliver. Docket Book, June–Sept. 1837. Henry E. Huntington Library, San Marino, CA.
Unidentified handwriting—probably John Markell—ends; unidentified—probably Nicholas Markell—begins.
- [5]
TEXT: Or “Jany”.
Unidentified handwriting—probably Nicholas Markell—ends; unidentified—probably John Markell—begins.