Footnotes
JS, Journal, 13 Dec. 1841 and 21 Dec. 1842; Orson Spencer, “Death of Our Beloved Brother Willard Richards,” Deseret News (Salt Lake City), 16 Mar. 1854, [2].
Deseret News. Salt Lake City. 1850–.
“Obituary of Leo Hawkins,” Millennial Star, 30 July 1859, 21:496–497.
Latter-day Saints’ Millennial Star. Manchester, England, 1840–1842; Liverpool, 1842–1932; London, 1932–1970.
“Letters to and from the Prophet,” ca. 1904, [2], Historian’s Office, Catalogs and Inventories, 1846–1904, CHL.
Historian’s Office. Catalogs and Inventories, 1846–1904. CHL. CR 100 130.
See the full bibliographic entry for JS Collection, 1827–1844, in the CHL catalog.
Footnotes
JS received the first supply of goods for his store on 22 December 1841; the establishment officially opened for business during the first week of January 1842. (JS, Journal, 22 Dec. 1841; 1 and 5 Jan. 1842; Letter to Edward Hunter, 5 Jan. 1842.)
The branch met at 245 Spring Street. (“Arrest for Violating a Statute,” New-York Tribune [New York City], 16 Apr. 1841, [2]; Foster, History of the New York City Branch, [2].)
New-York Tribune. New York City. 1841–1842.
Foster, Lucian R. History of the New York City Branch, 1837–1840. High Priests Quorum Record, 1841–1845. CHL.
Woodruff, Journal, 22 and 25 May 1841.
Woodruff, Wilford. Journals, 1833–1898. Wilford Woodruff, Journals and Papers, 1828–1898. CHL. MS 1352.
1840 U.S. Census, New York 13th Ward, New York City, NY, 267; Longworth’s American Almanac [1841], 424; Longworth’s American Almanac [1842], 369; The Fanny, 8 Federal Cases 992 (S.D.N.Y. 1841) (case no. 4,637); “Arrest for Violating a Statute,” New-York Tribune (New York City), 16 Apr. 1841, [2]. Edward Hunter, a church member from Pennsylvania, was also involved in purchasing goods for JS’s store around this same period. (Letter to Edward Hunter, 5 Jan. 1842.)
Census (U.S.) / U.S. Bureau of the Census. Population Schedules. Microfilm. FHL.
Longworth’s American Almanac, New-York Register, and City Directory, for the Sixty-Sixth Year of American Independence. . . . New York: Thomas Longworth, 1841.
Longworth’s American Almanac, New-York Register, and City Directory, for the Sixty-Seventh Year of American Independence. . . . New York: T. Longworth and Son, 1842.
The Federal Cases Comprising Cases Argued and Determined in the Circuit and District Courts of the United States from the Earliest Times to the Beginning of the Federal Reporter. Arranged Alphabetically by the Titles of the Cases, and Numbered Consecutively. Vol. 8. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing, 1895.
New-York Tribune. New York City. 1841–1842.
See, for example, Letter from John M. Bernhisel, 12 July 1841; and Letter to John M. Bernhisel, 3 Aug. 1841.
Latson’s reluctance to identify himself as a Latter-day Saint may be connected to ongoing perceptions that the church sought to convert western Indian tribes in order to incite them to commit violence against and take land from frontier settlers. (Isaac McCoy, “The Disturbances in Jackson County,” Missouri Republican [St. Louis], 20 Dec. 1833, [2]; “Public Meeting,” Messenger and Advocate, Aug. 1836, 2:354; Henry King, Keokuk, Iowa Territory, to John Chambers, Burlington, Iowa Territory, 14 July 1843, in Territorial Papers of the United States, the Territory of Iowa, reel 56.)
Missouri Republican. St. Louis. 1822–1919.
Latter Day Saints’ Messenger and Advocate. Kirtland, OH. Oct. 1834–Sept. 1837.
Territorial Papers of the United States, the Territory of Iowa, 1838–1846. National Archives Microfilm Publications, microcopy M325. 102 reels. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Service, 1979.
In 1832 Congress approved a statute creating the position of commissioner of Indian affairs. The commissioner was tasked with, among other things, prohibiting the introduction of alcohol to Indian tribes. In 1834 Congress passed another act that fined any person who attempted to “sell, exchange, or give, barter, or dispose of, any spirituous liquor or wine to an Indian.” Though contemporaries observed that the Osage Indians largely avoided consuming alcohol during the 1820s and 1830s, practices apparently began to change during the early 1840s. In 1843 Osage Indian subagent Robert Calloway reported to his superiors, “I am told, and I confidently believe it true, that the Osages have, within the last twelve or fifteen months, drank more whiskey than they had ever done since they were a people.” (An Act to Provide for the Appointment of a Commissioner of Indian Affairs, and for Other Purposes [9 July 1832], Public Statutes at Large, 22nd Cong., 1st Sess., vol. 4, chap. 174, p. 564; An Act to Regulate Trade and Intercourse with the Indian Tribes, and to Preserve Peace on the Frontiers [30 June 1834], Public Statutes at Large, 23rd Cong., 1st Sess., vol. 4, chap. 161, p. 732, sec. 20; R. A. Calloway, Osage Subagency, to D. D. Mitchell, St. Louis, MO, 1 Sept. 1843, in Message from the President of the United States, 5 Dec. 1843, Senate doc. no. 1, 28th Cong., 1st Sess. [1843], pp. 388–389; Rollings, Unaffected by the Gospel, 126–128.)
The Public Statutes at Large of the United States of America, from the Organization of the Government in 1789, to March 3, 1845. . . . Edited by Richard Peters. 8 vols. Boston: Charles C. Little and James Brown, 1846–1867.
Message from the President of the United States, to the Two Houses of Congress, at the Commencement of the First Session of the Twenty-Sixth Congress. December 24, 1839. Senate Doc. no. 1, 26th Cong., 1st Sess. (1839).
Rollings, Willard Hughes. Unaffected by the Gospel: Osage Resistance to the Christian Invasion, 1673–1906: A Cultural Victory. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2004.
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