Footnotes
Historian’s Office, Journal, 7 June 1853; Wilford Woodruff, Salt Lake City, Utah Territory, to George A. Smith, 30 Aug. 1856, in Historian’s Office, Letterpress Copybooks, vol. 1, p. 364.
Historian’s Office. Journal, 1844–1997. CHL. CR 100 1.
Historian’s Office. Letterpress Copybooks, 1854–1879, 1885–1886. CHL. CR 100 38.
See the full bibliographic entry for Brigham Young Office Files, 1832–1878, in the CHL catalog.
Footnotes
Hedlock sent a letter to church leaders on 4 October, shortly after he arrived in Liverpool; this second communication provided a more comprehensive overview of the challenges facing the church in the British Isles. (Letter from Reuben Hedlock, 4 Oct. 1843.)
There were approximately eight thousand members in Great Britain by October 1843; this figure does not include the thousands of British Saints who had already migrated to Nauvoo. (Letter from Thomas Ward and Hiram Clark, 3 Oct. 1843; “General Conference,” Millennial Star, July 1843, 4:36.)
Latter-day Saints’ Millennial Star. Manchester, England, 1840–1842; Liverpool, 1842–1932; London, 1932–1970.
Morris, “Emergence and Development of the Church . . . in Staffordshire, 1839–1870,” chaps. 3–5; Allen and Thorp, “Mission of the Twelve to England, 1840–41,” 499–500, 503–521.
Morris, David Michael. “The Emergence and Development of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Staffordshire, 1839–1870.” PhD diss., University of Chichester, 2010.
Allen, James B., and Malcom R. Thorp. “The Mission of the Twelve to England, 1840–41: Mormon Apostles and the Working Classes.” BYU Studies 15, no. 4 (Summer 1975): 499–526.
“General Conference,” Millennial Star, July 1843, 4:33–36; see also Allen and Thorp, “Mission of the Twelve to England, 1840–41,” 522–523.
Latter-day Saints’ Millennial Star. Manchester, England, 1840–1842; Liverpool, 1842–1932; London, 1932–1970.
Allen, James B., and Malcom R. Thorp. “The Mission of the Twelve to England, 1840–41: Mormon Apostles and the Working Classes.” BYU Studies 15, no. 4 (Summer 1975): 499–526.
Woodruff, Journal, 20 Apr. and 19 May 1841; Hiram Clark, “Extract from Elder Hiram Clark’s Journal, and Address to the Saints in the British Islands,” Millennial Star, Feb. 1844, 4:145–148; Letter from Thomas Ward and Hiram Clark, 1 Mar. 1843; “From P. P. Pratt,” Millennial Star, Apr. 1843, 3:206; Letter from Thomas Ward and Hiram Clark, 3 Oct. 1843.
Woodruff, Wilford. Journals, 1833–1898. Wilford Woodruff, Journals and Papers, 1828–1898. CHL. MS 1352.
Latter-day Saints’ Millennial Star. Manchester, England, 1840–1842; Liverpool, 1842–1932; London, 1932–1970.
Kemper College, Catalogue of the Officers and Students, 9.
Catalogue of the Officers and Students of Kemper College, for the Year 1842–43. St. Louis: Ustick & Davies, 1843.
Caswall, City of the Mormons, 5, 35–37, 43–45, italics in original; “Caswall’s Prophet of the Nineteenth Century,” Millennial Star, Apr. 1843, 3:195–199.
Caswall, Henry. The City of the Mormons; or, Three Days at Nauvoo, in 1842. London: J. G. F. and J. Rivington, 1842.
Latter-day Saints’ Millennial Star. Manchester, England, 1840–1842; Liverpool, 1842–1932; London, 1932–1970.
“Reward of Merit,” Times and Seasons, 15 Oct. 1843, 4:364–365. Speaking of Caswall’s 1842 visit to Nauvoo, John Taylor later recalled, “I saw Mr. Caswell in the printing office at Nauvoo; he had with him an old manuscript, and professed to be anxious to know what it was. I looked at it, and told him that I believed it was a Greek manuscript. In his book, he states that it was a Greek Psalter; but that none of the Mormons told him what it was. Herein is a falsehood, for I told him.” (Taylor, Three Nights’ Public Discussion, 5.)
Times and Seasons. Commerce/Nauvoo, IL. Nov. 1839–Feb. 1846.
Taylor, John. Three Nights’ Public Discussion between the Revds. C. W. Cleeve, James Robertson, and Philip Cater, and Elder John Taylor, of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. . . . Liverpool: [By the author], 1850.
Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, Minutes, 21 Nov. 1842; Letter from Thomas Ward and Hiram Clark, 1 Mar. 1843; Letter from Reuben Hedlock, 4 Oct. 1843; Letter from Thomas Ward and Hiram Clark, 3 Oct. 1843. Though Ward halted the newspaper’s operations for two months, he resumed publishing the paper in July 1843. (Letter from Reuben Hedlock, 4 Oct. 1843; “Editorial,” Millennial Star, May 1843, 4:13.)
Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. Minutes, 1840–1844. CHL.
Latter-day Saints’ Millennial Star. Manchester, England, 1840–1842; Liverpool, 1842–1932; London, 1932–1970.
The Britannia was a steamship built in 1840 by the Cunard Line, a steamship company that transported passengers and mail across the Atlantic Ocean between Liverpool and Boston. (“Duties on Imports by British Steamers at Boston and New York,” 377; Gibbs, Passenger Liners of the Western Ocean, 48; Smith, Coal, Steam and Ships, 102.)
"Duties on Imports by British Steamers at Boston and New York." Hunt's Merchants' Magazine and Commercial Review 25, no. 3 (Sept. 1851): 377–379.
Gibbs, C. R. Vernon. Passenger Liners of the Western Ocean: A Record of the North Atlantic Steam and Motor Passenger Vessels from 1838 to the Present Day. London: Staples Press, 1952.
Smith, Crosbie. Coal, Steam and Ships: Engineering, Enterprise and Empire on the Nineteenth-Century Seas. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018.
Caswall, Prophet of the Nineteenth Century, 223–224.
Caswall, Henry. The Prophet of the Nineteenth Century; or, The Rise, Progress, and Present State of the Mormons, or Latter-day Saints. London: J. G. F. and J. Rivington, 1843.
Caswall, Prophet of the Nineteenth Century, 229.
Caswall, Henry. The Prophet of the Nineteenth Century; or, The Rise, Progress, and Present State of the Mormons, or Latter-day Saints. London: J. G. F. and J. Rivington, 1843.
Of the thousands of British converts who settled in Nauvoo between 1842 and 1844, a few openly expressed their disillusionment when the reality of life in Nauvoo did not meet their expectations or when they learned about the doctrine of plural marriage. In a letter printed in the Preston Chronicle and Lancashire Advertiser, British convert and Nauvoo resident Francis Moon—who was disgruntled by his experiences in Nauvoo—stated, “My brother, who is no Mormon, informs me of many reports circulated in England, which, I must say, are true to a great extent.” Speaking of British convert Martha Brotherton in an August 1842 Millennial Star issue, editor Parley P. Pratt affirmed that she had written letters that “had some effect upon several of her relatives and three or four persons have left the church, perhaps, partly through the influence of these and other reports from apostates and murmurers.” (Francis Moon, “A Letter Addressed from Nauvoo to T. N., of P.,” Preston [England] Chronicle and Lancashire Advertiser, 29 June 1844, [4]; “Apostacy,” Millennial Star, Aug. 1842, 3:74; see also John Moon and Francis Moon, “Letters from Nauvoo, the City of the Mormons,” Preston Chronicle and Lancashire Advertiser, 22 June 1844, [3]; and Francis Moon, “A Letter Addressed from Nauvoo to T. N., of P.,” Preston Chronicle and Lancashire Advertiser, 6 July 1844, [4].)
Preston Chronicle and Lancashire Advertiser. Preston, England. 1831–1893.
Latter-day Saints’ Millennial Star. Manchester, England, 1840–1842; Liverpool, 1842–1932; London, 1932–1970.
This was likely the steamship Champion, which carried ninety-one church members emigrating to the United States and departed Liverpool bound for New Orleans on 21 October 1843. (Andrew Jenson, “Church Emigration,” Contributor, Oct. 1891, 441, 448.)
Jenson, Andrew. “Church Emigration.” Contributor 12, no. 12 (Oct. 1891): 441–450.
In the October and November 1843 issues of the Millennial Star, Ward, the editor, advertised several publications then for sale in the printing office: the Book of Mormon; the church’s official hymnal, A Collection of Sacred Hymns, for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, in Europe; apostle Parley P. Pratt’s A Voice of Warning . . . and The World Turned Upside Down, or Heaven on Earth; apostle Orson Pratt’s An Interesting Account of Several Remarkable Visions . . . ; church member Benjamin Winchester’s A History of the Priesthood . . . and Synopsis of the Holy Scriptures . . . ; the pseudepigraphal The Testament of the Twelve Patriarchs, the Sons of Jacob; and issues of the church newspapers Millennial Star and Times and Seasons. (“Notices,” Millennial Star, Oct. 1843, 4:96; “Notices,” Millennial Star, Nov. 1843, 4:112.)
Latter-day Saints’ Millennial Star. Manchester, England, 1840–1842; Liverpool, 1842–1932; London, 1932–1970.
The Quorum of the Twelve Apostles contracted with Liverpool printer John Tompkins for 5,000 copies of the book in 1841. Apparently, only 4,050 were delivered. (Historical Introduction to Letter from Parley P. Pratt, 2 Sept. 1842; Joseph F. Smith Jr., “The Library of the Church Historian’s Office,” Deseret Evening News [Salt Lake City], 23 Jan. 1904, 25.)
Deseret News. Salt Lake City. 1850–.