Footnotes
“Free People of Color,” The Evening and the Morning Star, July 1833, 109.
The Evening and the Morning Star. Independence, MO, June 1832–July 1833; Kirtland, OH, Dec. 1833–Sept. 1834.
“The Elders Stationed in Zion to the Churches Abroad,” The Evening and the Morning Star, July 1833, 111.
The Evening and the Morning Star. Independence, MO, June 1832–July 1833; Kirtland, OH, Dec. 1833–Sept. 1834.
The Evening and the Morning Star, Extra, 16 July 1833, [1].
The Evening and the Morning Star. Independence, MO, June 1832–July 1833; Kirtland, OH, Dec. 1833–Sept. 1834.
“To His Excellency, Daniel Dunklin,” The Evening and the Morning Star, Dec. 1833, 114; Corrill, Brief History, 19; Whitmer, History, 42–44; [Edward Partridge], “A History, of the Persecution,” Times and Seasons, Dec. 1839, 1:17–18.
The Evening and the Morning Star. Independence, MO, June 1832–July 1833; Kirtland, OH, Dec. 1833–Sept. 1834.
Times and Seasons. Commerce/Nauvoo, IL. Nov. 1839–Feb. 1846.
“To His Excellency, Daniel Dunklin,” The Evening and the Morning Star, Dec. 1833, 114.
The Evening and the Morning Star. Independence, MO, June 1832–July 1833; Kirtland, OH, Dec. 1833–Sept. 1834.
Cowdery likely left Independence after the creation of the memorandum of agreement on 23 July but before 25 July. He likely did not leave before 23 July because had he been any appreciable distance from Independence on or shortly after 23 July, he probably would not have known of the memorandum’s creation. Further, a reminiscent account by William E. McLellin places Cowdery in Jackson County on 22 July. Cowdery likely left before 25 July because in the letter featured here, John Whitmer told Cowdery that on 25 July many “at the school received the gift of tongues”—something Cowdery would already have known about if he had been present at or near the school of the prophets at the time. (Memorandum of Agreement, 23 July 1833, CHL; Schaefer, William E. McLellin’s Lost Manuscript, 166.)
Memorandum of Agreement, 23 July 1833. CHL.
Schaefer, Mitchell K., ed. William E. McLellin’s Lost Manuscript. Salt Lake City: Eborn Books, 2012.
In the summer of 1831, several JS revelations indicated that western Missouri was the land of church members’ “inheritance.” David Whitmer later remembered that “there were among us a few ignorant and simple-minded persons who were continually making boasts to the Jackson county people that they intended to possess the entire county.” (Revelation, 6 June 1831 [D&C 52:2, 42]; Revelation, 20 July 1831 [D&C 57:1–5]; Revelation, 1 Aug. 1831 [D&C 58:44–56]; “Mormonism,” Kansas City Daily Journal, 5 June 1881, 1.)
Kansas City Daily Journal. Kansas City, MO. 1878–1891.
At first, the Missourians were willing to give the Mormons approximately five to eight months to settle their affairs and move from Jackson County. However, persecution continued, and when church leaders openly vowed to pursue legal means to remain on their lands, violence again erupted. In early November 1833, an armed group of Jackson County residents drove the Mormons from the county. (See Historical Introduction to Letter, 30 Oct. 1833; see also “From Missouri,” The Evening and the Morning Star, Jan. 1834, 124–126.)
The Evening and the Morning Star. Independence, MO, June 1832–July 1833; Kirtland, OH, Dec. 1833–Sept. 1834.
Members of the Church of Christ received almost no compensation for their lost property and the abuse they suffered, despite the considerable time and money spent attempting to seek redress through the legal system. In 1839, for example, Edward Partridge wrote, “I have never received any satisfaction” for being tarred and feathered by the mob on 20 July 1833, “although I commenced a suit against some of them for $50,000, damage, and paid my lawyers six hundred dollars to carry it on.” As bishop, in charge of administering inheritances to church members, Partridge also held title to 2,136 acres of land in the county, along with two lots in Independence, but he received no compensation for the loss of his property. (Edward Partridge, Petition for Redress, 15 May 1839, copy, Edward Partridge, Papers, CHL; see also Partridge v. Lucas et al. [Ray Co. Cir. Ct. 1836], Ray Co., MO, Circuit Court Records, 1821–1882, vol. A, p. 249, microfilm 959,749, U.S. and Canada Record Collection, FHL; and Phelps v. Simpson et al. [Ray Co. Cir. Ct. 1836], Ray Co., MO, Circuit Court Records, 1821–1882, vol. A, p. 250, microfilm 959,749, U.S. and Canada Record Collection, FHL.)
Edward Partridge, Papers, 1818–1839. CHL. MS 892.
U.S. and Canada Record Collection. FHL.
This sentence resembles the closing words of the Declaration of Independence, which states, “For the support of this Declaration, with a firm Reliance on the Protection of divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes, and our sacred Honor.”
TEXT: “th” is double underlined.
Neither here nor in his history does Whitmer include any names of the signatories of the manifesto. Edward Partridge’s copy of this document, however, does list seventy-eight names. The copy printed in The Evening and the Morning Star adds, “Among the hundreds of names attached to the above document were:— Lewis Franklin, Jailor. Samuel C. Owens, County Clerk. Russel Hicks, Deputy Clerk. R. W. Cummins, Indian Agent. Jones H. Flournoy, P. Master. S. D. Lucas, Col. and Judge of the Court. Henry Childs, Att’y at Law. N. K. Olmstead, M. D. John Smith, J. P. Sam’l. Weston, J. P. William Brown, Const[able] Abner F. Staples, Capt. Thomas Pitcher, Deputy Const. Moses G. Wilson, Thomas Willson, Merchants.” (“We the Undersigned Citizens of Jackson County,” [July 1833], Edward Partridge, Papers, CHL; Whitmer, History, 42; “To His Excellency, Daniel Dunklin,” The Evening and the Morning Star, Dec. 1833, 114, italics in original.)
Partridge, Edward. Papers, 1818–1839. CHL. MS 892.
The Evening and the Morning Star. Independence, MO, June 1832–July 1833; Kirtland, OH, Dec. 1833–Sept. 1834.
Edward Partridge, Isaac Morley, John Corrill, William W. Phelps, Sidney Gilbert, and John Whitmer signed the agreement on behalf of the Church of Christ. (“To His Excellency, Daniel Dunklin,” The Evening and the Morning Star, Dec. 1833, 115; Memorandum of Agreement, 23 July 1833, CHL.)
The Evening and the Morning Star. Independence, MO, June 1832–July 1833; Kirtland, OH, Dec. 1833–Sept. 1834.
Memorandum of Agreement, 23 July 1833. CHL.
The members of the committee who signed the memorandum of agreement were Samuel C. Owens, Leonidas Oldham, G. W. Simpson, W. L. Irvin, John Harris, Henry Childs, Harvey H. Younger, Hugh L. Breazeale, Newel K. Olmstead, James C. Sadler, William Bowers, Benjamin Majors, Zacheriah Waller, Harmon Gregg, Aaron Overton, and Russell Hicks. A copy of the agreement published in The Evening and the Morning Star contains minor variations in spelling and lists Samuel Weston rather than Russell Hicks as the last signatory. (Memorandum of Agreement, 23 July 1833, CHL; “To His Excellency, Daniel Dunklin,” The Evening and the Morning Star, Dec. 1833, 115.)
Memorandum of Agreement, 23 July 1833. CHL.
The Evening and the Morning Star. Independence, MO, June 1832–July 1833; Kirtland, OH, Dec. 1833–Sept. 1834.
TEXT: “rd” is double underlined.
Various newspapers in the state and nation published the memorandum of agreement over the next couple of months. According to JS’s history, the memorandum appeared in the Western Monitor in Fayette, Missouri, on 2 August 1833; however, no copy of that issue has been located in modern repositories. (JS History, vol. A-1, 330; see also “‘Regulating’ the Mormonites,” Missouri Republican [St. Louis], 9 Aug. 1833, [3]; “Mormonites in Missouri,” Daily National Intelligencer [Washington DC], 21 Aug. 1833, [2]; and “‘Regulating’ the Mormonites,” Niles’ Weekly Register [Baltimore], 14 Sept. 1833, 47–48.)
Daily Missouri Republican. St. Louis. 1822–1869.
Daily National Intelligencer. Washington DC. 1800–1869.
Niles’ Weekly Register. Baltimore. 1811–1836.