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Letter from Emma Smith, 3 May 1837

Source Note

Emma Smith

10 July 1804–30 Apr. 1879. Scribe, editor, boardinghouse operator, clothier. Born at Willingborough Township (later in Harmony), Susquehanna Co., Pennsylvania. Daughter of Isaac Hale and Elizabeth Lewis. Member of Methodist church at Harmony (later in Oakland...

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, Letter,
Kirtland Township

Located ten miles south of Lake Erie. Settled by 1811. Organized by 1818. Latter-day Saint missionaries visited township, early Nov. 1830; many residents joined Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Population in 1830 about 55 Latter-day Saints and...

More Info
, Geauga Co., OH, to JS, 3 May 1837. Featured version copied [between ca. 29 May and ca. 27 June 1839] in JS Letterbook 2, pp. 35–36; handwriting of
James Mulholland

1804–3 Nov. 1839. Born in Ireland. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Married Sarah Scott, 8 Feb. 1838/1839, at Far West, Caldwell Co., Missouri. Engaged in clerical work for JS, 1838, at Far West. Ordained a seventy, 28 Dec. 1838....

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; JS Collection, CHL. For more complete source information, see the source note for JS Letterbook 2.

Historical Introduction

Emma Smith

10 July 1804–30 Apr. 1879. Scribe, editor, boardinghouse operator, clothier. Born at Willingborough Township (later in Harmony), Susquehanna Co., Pennsylvania. Daughter of Isaac Hale and Elizabeth Lewis. Member of Methodist church at Harmony (later in Oakland...

View Full Bio
wrote this letter, dated 3 May 1837, to her husband while he was absent from
Kirtland

Located ten miles south of Lake Erie. Settled by 1811. Organized by 1818. Latter-day Saint missionaries visited township, early Nov. 1830; many residents joined Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Population in 1830 about 55 Latter-day Saints and...

More Info
, Ohio. JS’s location during the latter part of April and for much of May 1837 remains unknown.
1

When the letter was copied into JS’s second letterbook by scribe James Mulholland, no mailing information was included. The “Brother Robinson” mentioned at the conclusion of the letter may have acted as a courier and personally delivered the letter to JS. For more information about JS’s absence from Kirtland, see Letter from Newel K. Whitney, 20 Apr. 1837.


In a previous letter to JS, dated 25 April 1837, Emma discussed her efforts to obtain goods and money, as well as the difficulty she faced at JS’s mercantile store in
Chester

Surveyed 1796 and 1801. Area settled, 1801–1802. Initially called Wooster. Name changed to Chester and officially incorporated as township, 1816. Population in 1830 about 550. Population in 1840 about 960. JS purchased land for store in Chester, 1836–1837...

More Info
, Ohio.
2

See Letter from Emma Smith, 25 Apr. 1837. The store in Chester was run by the mercantile firm of Rigdon, Smith & Co. The store appears to have closed in late May 1837. (See Rigdon, Smith & Co., Store Ledger, Sept. 1836–May 1837.)


In this 3 May letter she described how the family’s financial situation had worsened, as money and goods she had expected to receive were not available and creditors were demanding repayment. Because of
coverture

Common-law term for the legal status of a married woman. “By marriage, the husband and wife are one person in law: that is, the very being or legal existence of the woman is suspended during the marriage, or at least is incorporated and consolidated into ...

View Glossary
laws, Emma Smith had no legal identity of her own, no legal right to JS’s goods or property, and no ability to intervene with his creditors.
3

For more on coverture laws, see Historical Introduction to Deed to Caroline Grant Smith, 11 Dec. 1836.


JS was liable not only for his own debts but also for those of his business partners and any individuals for whom he had acted as surety, or guarantor on a loan. Emma specifically noted here that the partnerships in which JS was involved were causing financial problems for their family.
4

JS appears to have partnered with Sidney Rigdon and Oliver Cowdery in the printing firm of O. Cowdery & Co. in Kirtland, which purchased the church’s printing office after the firm of F. G. Williams & Co. was dissolved in June 1836. When Cowdery became a bank director and vice president of the Bank of Monroe, he dissolved the firm of O. Cowdery & Co., and in February 1837 JS and Rigdon formed a firm named Smith & Rigdon. JS, Rigdon, and Cowdery were also involved in mercantile ventures, using the firm names of Rigdon, Smith & Cowdery; Rigdon, Smith & Co.; and Smith & Cowdery. (“Notice,” LDS Messenger and Advocate, June 1836, 2:329; “Notice,” LDS Messenger and Advocate, Feb. 1837, 3:458; Invoices, June and Oct. 1836, JS Office Papers, CHL.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Latter Day Saints’ Messenger and Advocate. Kirtland, OH. Oct. 1834–Sept. 1837.

JS Office Papers / Joseph Smith Office Papers, ca. 1835–1845. CHL. MS 21600.

Beginning in spring 1837, JS faced litigation on his and others’ outstanding debts. Emma may have been referring to these debts, some of which were being pursued in court at the time, when she wrote that creditors claimed “an unaccountable right to every particle of property or money that they could lay their hands on” and that she felt everyone else had a “better right to all that is called yours than I have.”
5

By April 1837 lawsuits had begun on at least five different cases on debts for which JS was liable. (See Transcript of Proceedings, ca. 5 June 1837, Martindale v. JS et al. [Geauga Co. C.P. 1837] , Record Book U, pp. 106–108; Transcript of Proceedings, ca. 5 June 1837, E. Holmes v. Dayton et al. [Geauga Co. C.P. 1837], Record Book U, pp. 86–87; Transcript of Proceedings, ca. 5 June 1837, G. Patterson and J. Patterson v. Cahoon, Carter & Co. and Rigdon, Smith & Cowdery [Geauga Co. C.P. 1837], Record Book U, pp. 126–128; Transcript of Proceedings, ca. 6 June 1837, Kelley v. Rigdon, Smith & Cowdery [Geauga Co. C.P. 1837], Record Book U, pp. 97–101; Transcript of Proceedings, ca. 6 June 1837, Bank of Geauga v. JS et al. [Geauga Co. C.P. 1837], Record Book U, pp. 67–69, Geauga County Archives and Records Center, Chardon, OH.)


Emma

10 July 1804–30 Apr. 1879. Scribe, editor, boardinghouse operator, clothier. Born at Willingborough Township (later in Harmony), Susquehanna Co., Pennsylvania. Daughter of Isaac Hale and Elizabeth Lewis. Member of Methodist church at Harmony (later in Oakland...

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told JS she was resolved to do what she could to ensure that any subsequent transactions benefited JS and their family. She also wrote that the situation would be improved if JS returned and addressed the matters she could not. It was perhaps this need for someone to act in financial matters that prompted Emma’s postscript about giving power of attorney to
Vinson Knight

14 Mar. 1804–31 July 1842. Farmer, druggist, school warden. Born at Norwich, Hampshire Co., Massachusetts. Son of Rudolphus Knight and Rispah (Rizpah) Lee. Married Martha McBride, July 1826. Moved to Perrysburg, Cattaraugus Co., New York, by 1830. Owned farm...

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, who served as clerk for the H. Smith & Co. store in
Kirtland

Located ten miles south of Lake Erie. Settled by 1811. Organized by 1818. Latter-day Saint missionaries visited township, early Nov. 1830; many residents joined Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Population in 1830 about 55 Latter-day Saints and...

More Info
and as counselor to
Bishop

An ecclesiastical and priesthood office. JS appointed Edward Partridge as the first bishop in February 1831. Following this appointment, Partridge functioned as the local leader of the church in Missouri. Later revelations described a bishop’s duties as receiving...

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Newel K. Whitney

3/5 Feb. 1795–23 Sept. 1850. Trader, merchant. Born at Marlborough, Windham Co., Vermont. Son of Samuel Whitney and Susanna Kimball. Moved to Fairfield, Herkimer Co., New York, 1803. Merchant at Plattsburg, Clinton Co., New York, 1814. Mercantile clerk for...

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. Emma may also have thought if JS returned, he could relieve tensions that were growing among church members and counter a group of dissenters that was forming in his absence. Members of this group, including
Warren Parrish

10 Jan. 1803–3 Jan. 1877. Clergyman, gardener. Born in New York. Son of John Parrish and Ruth Farr. Married first Elizabeth (Betsey) Patten of Westmoreland Co., New Hampshire, ca. 1822. Lived at Alexandria, Jefferson Co., New York, 1830. Purchased land at...

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,
Lyman Johnson

24 Oct. 1811–20 Dec. 1859. Merchant, lawyer, hotelier. Born at Pomfret, Windsor Co., Vermont. Son of John Johnson and Alice (Elsa) Jacobs. Moved to Hiram, Portage Co., Ohio, Mar. 1818. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints by Sidney Rigdon...

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,
Orson Pratt

19 Sept. 1811–3 Oct. 1881. Farmer, writer, teacher, merchant, surveyor, editor, publisher. Born at Hartford, Washington Co., New York. Son of Jared Pratt and Charity Dickinson. Moved to New Lebanon, Columbia Co., New York, 1814; to Canaan, Columbia Co., fall...

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, and others, confronted JS in May after he returned to Kirtland.
6

See Charges against JS Preferred to Bishop’s Council, 29 May 1837; and Letter from Abel Lamb and Others, ca. 28 May 1837.


Footnotes

  1. [1]

    When the letter was copied into JS’s second letterbook by scribe James Mulholland, no mailing information was included. The “Brother Robinson” mentioned at the conclusion of the letter may have acted as a courier and personally delivered the letter to JS. For more information about JS’s absence from Kirtland, see Letter from Newel K. Whitney, 20 Apr. 1837.

  2. [2]

    See Letter from Emma Smith, 25 Apr. 1837. The store in Chester was run by the mercantile firm of Rigdon, Smith & Co. The store appears to have closed in late May 1837. (See Rigdon, Smith & Co., Store Ledger, Sept. 1836–May 1837.)

  3. [3]

    For more on coverture laws, see Historical Introduction to Deed to Caroline Grant Smith, 11 Dec. 1836.

  4. [4]

    JS appears to have partnered with Sidney Rigdon and Oliver Cowdery in the printing firm of O. Cowdery & Co. in Kirtland, which purchased the church’s printing office after the firm of F. G. Williams & Co. was dissolved in June 1836. When Cowdery became a bank director and vice president of the Bank of Monroe, he dissolved the firm of O. Cowdery & Co., and in February 1837 JS and Rigdon formed a firm named Smith & Rigdon. JS, Rigdon, and Cowdery were also involved in mercantile ventures, using the firm names of Rigdon, Smith & Cowdery; Rigdon, Smith & Co.; and Smith & Cowdery. (“Notice,” LDS Messenger and Advocate, June 1836, 2:329; “Notice,” LDS Messenger and Advocate, Feb. 1837, 3:458; Invoices, June and Oct. 1836, JS Office Papers, CHL.)

    Latter Day Saints’ Messenger and Advocate. Kirtland, OH. Oct. 1834–Sept. 1837.

    JS Office Papers / Joseph Smith Office Papers, ca. 1835–1845. CHL. MS 21600.

  5. [5]

    By April 1837 lawsuits had begun on at least five different cases on debts for which JS was liable. (See Transcript of Proceedings, ca. 5 June 1837, Martindale v. JS et al. [Geauga Co. C.P. 1837] , Record Book U, pp. 106–108; Transcript of Proceedings, ca. 5 June 1837, E. Holmes v. Dayton et al. [Geauga Co. C.P. 1837], Record Book U, pp. 86–87; Transcript of Proceedings, ca. 5 June 1837, G. Patterson and J. Patterson v. Cahoon, Carter & Co. and Rigdon, Smith & Cowdery [Geauga Co. C.P. 1837], Record Book U, pp. 126–128; Transcript of Proceedings, ca. 6 June 1837, Kelley v. Rigdon, Smith & Cowdery [Geauga Co. C.P. 1837], Record Book U, pp. 97–101; Transcript of Proceedings, ca. 6 June 1837, Bank of Geauga v. JS et al. [Geauga Co. C.P. 1837], Record Book U, pp. 67–69, Geauga County Archives and Records Center, Chardon, OH.)

  6. [6]

    See Charges against JS Preferred to Bishop’s Council, 29 May 1837; and Letter from Abel Lamb and Others, ca. 28 May 1837.

Asterisk (*) denotes a "featured" version, which includes an introduction and annotation.
*Letter from Emma Smith, 3 May 1837
Letterbook 2

Page 35

Kirtland

Located ten miles south of Lake Erie. Settled by 1811. Organized by 1818. Latter-day Saint missionaries visited township, early Nov. 1830; many residents joined Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Population in 1830 about 55 Latter-day Saints and...

More Info
May 3rd 1837
Ever affectionate husband, myself and the children are well
Father

12 July 1771–14 Sept. 1840. Cooper, farmer, teacher, merchant. Born at Topsfield, Essex Co., Massachusetts. Son of Asael Smith and Mary Duty. Nominal member of Congregationalist church at Topsfield. Married to Lucy Mack by Seth Austin, 24 Jan. 1796, at Tunbridge...

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and
Mother

8 July 1775–14 May 1856. Oilcloth painter, nurse, fund-raiser, author. Born at Gilsum, Cheshire Co., New Hampshire. Daughter of Solomon Mack Sr. and Lydia Gates. Moved to Montague, Franklin Co., Massachusetts, 1779; to Tunbridge, Orange Co., Vermont, 1788...

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are not very well, tho not dangerous.
1

Joseph Smith Sr. and Lucy Mack Smith had been living with JS and Emma in their home north of the House of the Lord since December 1835. (JS, Journal, 17 and 29 Dec. 1835.)


I do not know what to tell you, not having but a few minutes to write, the situation of your business is such as is very difficult for me to do any thing of any consequence, partnership matters give every body such an unaccountable right to every particle of property or money that they can lay their hands on,
2

Legal judgments that involved the collection of money from debtors usually stipulated the seizure of the debtor’s goods or property. The sheriff was responsible for executing the seizure and auctioning off the goods or property to satisfy the amount stipulated in the judgment. Although Emma did not reference a particular debt or judgment, her statement here suggests that creditors were coming after JS’s property and other assets to satisfy outstanding debts. (An Act Regulating Judgments and Executions [1 Mar. 1831], Statutes of the State of Ohio [1841], 467–473, secs. 1–5, 9; Docket Entry, Judgment, 5 June 1837, G. Patterson and J. Patterson v. Cahoon, Carter & Co. and Rigdon, Smith & Cowdery [Geauga Co. C.P. 1837], Common Pleas, Journal Book N, p. 190, Geauga County Archives and Records Center, Chardon, OH; Docket Entry, Costs, ca. 5 June 1837, G. Patterson and J. Patterson v. Cahoon, Carter & Co. and Rigdon, Smith & Cowdery [Geauga Co. C.P. 1838], Execution Docket G, p. 54, Geauga Co. Courthouse, Chardon, OH.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Statutes of the State of Ohio, of a General Nature, in Force, December 7, 1840; Also, the Statutes of a General Nature, Passed by the General Assembly at Their Thirty-Ninth Session, Commencing December 7, 1840. Columbus, OH: Samuel Medary, 1841.

that there is no prospect of my getting one dollar of current money
3

Current money meant paper currency issued by a bank or other financial institution and circulating at face value.


or even get the grain you left for our bread, as I sent to the French place
4

“The French place” likely refers to the Peter French farm bought by the church in 1833 or possibly to another farm or business owned by French, a significant landowner in Kirtland who had sold hundreds of acres of land to JS and the church in 1833 and 1836. (Geauga Co., OH, Deed Records, 1795–1921, vol. 17, pp. 38–39, 359–360, 10 Apr. 1833; vol. 17, pp. 360–361, 17 June 1833, microfilm 20,237, U.S. and Canada Record Collection, FHL; Mortgage to Peter French, 5 Oct. 1836.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

U.S. and Canada Record Collection. FHL.

for that wheat and brother Strong
5

Probably Ezra Strong, the only known church member in Kirtland with that surname. (Backman, Profile, 69.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Backman, Milton V., Jr., comp. A Profile of Latter-day Saints of Kirtland, Ohio, and Members of Zion’s Camp, 1830–1839: Vital Statistics and Sources. 2nd ed. Provo, UT: Department of Church History and Doctrine and Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University, 1983.

says that he shall let us only have ten bushel, he has sold the hay and keeps the money.
Dr [Warren A.] Cowdery

17 Oct. 1788–23 Feb. 1851. Physician, druggist, farmer, editor. Born at Wells, Rutland Co., Vermont. Son of William Cowdery and Rebecca Fuller. Married Patience Simonds, 22 Sept. 1814, in Pawlet, Rutland Co. Moved to Freedom, Cattaraugus Co., New York, 1816...

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tells me he can’t get money to pay the postage of the office. I spoke to
Parish [Warren Parrish]

10 Jan. 1803–3 Jan. 1877. Clergyman, gardener. Born in New York. Son of John Parrish and Ruth Farr. Married first Elizabeth (Betsey) Patten of Westmoreland Co., New Hampshire, ca. 1822. Lived at Alexandria, Jefferson Co., New York, 1830. Purchased land at...

View Full Bio
about the money, and he appeared rather indifferent [p. 35]
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Source Note

Document Transcript

Page 35

Document Information

Related Case Documents
Editorial Title
Letter from Emma Smith, 3 May 1837
ID #
349
Total Pages
2
Print Volume Location
JSP, D5:372–376
Handwriting on This Page
  • James Mulholland

Footnotes

  1. [1]

    Joseph Smith Sr. and Lucy Mack Smith had been living with JS and Emma in their home north of the House of the Lord since December 1835. (JS, Journal, 17 and 29 Dec. 1835.)

  2. [2]

    Legal judgments that involved the collection of money from debtors usually stipulated the seizure of the debtor’s goods or property. The sheriff was responsible for executing the seizure and auctioning off the goods or property to satisfy the amount stipulated in the judgment. Although Emma did not reference a particular debt or judgment, her statement here suggests that creditors were coming after JS’s property and other assets to satisfy outstanding debts. (An Act Regulating Judgments and Executions [1 Mar. 1831], Statutes of the State of Ohio [1841], 467–473, secs. 1–5, 9; Docket Entry, Judgment, 5 June 1837, G. Patterson and J. Patterson v. Cahoon, Carter & Co. and Rigdon, Smith & Cowdery [Geauga Co. C.P. 1837], Common Pleas, Journal Book N, p. 190, Geauga County Archives and Records Center, Chardon, OH; Docket Entry, Costs, ca. 5 June 1837, G. Patterson and J. Patterson v. Cahoon, Carter & Co. and Rigdon, Smith & Cowdery [Geauga Co. C.P. 1838], Execution Docket G, p. 54, Geauga Co. Courthouse, Chardon, OH.)

    Statutes of the State of Ohio, of a General Nature, in Force, December 7, 1840; Also, the Statutes of a General Nature, Passed by the General Assembly at Their Thirty-Ninth Session, Commencing December 7, 1840. Columbus, OH: Samuel Medary, 1841.

  3. [3]

    Current money meant paper currency issued by a bank or other financial institution and circulating at face value.

  4. [4]

    “The French place” likely refers to the Peter French farm bought by the church in 1833 or possibly to another farm or business owned by French, a significant landowner in Kirtland who had sold hundreds of acres of land to JS and the church in 1833 and 1836. (Geauga Co., OH, Deed Records, 1795–1921, vol. 17, pp. 38–39, 359–360, 10 Apr. 1833; vol. 17, pp. 360–361, 17 June 1833, microfilm 20,237, U.S. and Canada Record Collection, FHL; Mortgage to Peter French, 5 Oct. 1836.)

    U.S. and Canada Record Collection. FHL.

  5. [5]

    Probably Ezra Strong, the only known church member in Kirtland with that surname. (Backman, Profile, 69.)

    Backman, Milton V., Jr., comp. A Profile of Latter-day Saints of Kirtland, Ohio, and Members of Zion’s Camp, 1830–1839: Vital Statistics and Sources. 2nd ed. Provo, UT: Department of Church History and Doctrine and Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University, 1983.

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